STUDY OF DETERMINATE PHENOMENA

Necessity of Law: ( L.A)--> 0
L = Law
A = Initial Condition
O = Observation (Prediction)

*NL----------------------------------*C
Necessity of Law                               Chance

(L or NL) such as Law of Leibniz- "Identity of Indiscernibles":
Object A = P1. P2. P3...
Object B = P1. P2. P3...

• Determinate World---> No Choice (Not Allow Freedom, Coerced Choices): Choice predicable. No Choosing or deciding process. No free will.
• Indeterminate World ---> Choice (Allow Freedom): Choice is not predicable. Free Choice/Free will. Unconstrained/Free Choices (of average or representative person). 
• Free will.

Where there is free choice;
a. Person is the sole author of the act of choice
b. Person could have chosen otherwise

Now,
Can we have "science of choice" that does not fall under this scheme ? This is the question that Professor James M. Buchanan fails to analyse in his book called, " What should economists do ?" in Page 40.

• He treats/leaves issue as "the old age issue (an old age philosophical dilemma)... I prefer to think that  the subject and discussion itself not illusory". He also says that "I am neither competent nor interested in detailed etymological inquiry".

Paradox of free will: 
If we (economists) knew how individual(s) will decide in market place when he has choice, how can there be free will ? Professor James M. Buchanan fails to analyse the fundamental issues !